Exodus 10-13: Passover

by Water On Thirsty Land | Feb 13, 2019 | Bible Studies, Deep Bible Studies, Deep Study Series, Exodus Series

Exodus 10-13 covers the last few great plagues of Egypt, as well as the miraculous Passover to spare God’s faithful people. Why are the events of Exodus 10-13 so important? Why should this history hold such significance in our lives even today? Find out as we explore these chapters together.

Exodus 10

The Plague of Locusts

‘They covered the face of the whole land, so that the land was darkened, and they ate all the plants in the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Not a green thing remained, neither tree nor plant of the field, through all the land of Egypt. ‘

Exodus 10:15

Pharaoh agreed to let Moses and Aaron go worship by themselves, but would not let their families or herds come with them. He continued to refuse to let the Israelites go, and his heart is again hardened.

The Plague of Darkness

‘So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was pitch darkness in all the land of Egypt three days. They did not see one another, nor did anyone rise from his place for three days, but all the people of Israel had light where they lived. ‘

Exodus 10:22-23

Pharaoh agreed to let them take their families, but now refuses to let him take the herds with them.

Exodus 11

The Final Plague Threatened

God tells Moses that after this last plague, Pharaoh will not just let them leave, but drive them out completely. He gives the Israelites favor with the Egyptians and they are given much gold and silver in anticipation of being run out of the land.

‘and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. ‘

Exodus 11:5

Moses warned Pharaoh of the coming plague but still hardened his heart and would not let them go.

Exodus 12

The Passover

For the Passover, the Israel households marked their door frames with lamb’s blood so that when the tenth plague comes their households will be passed over and their firstborns will be saved. The plague comes, and all of the Egyptian’s firstborn sons are killed. The Egyptian’s then convince Pharaoh to let the Israelites go, but when they have started to leave he changes his mind and chases after them to bring them back as his slaves.

‘then tell them, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord , who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’ ” Then the people bowed down and worshiped. ‘

Exodus 12:27

Why are the Passover Feast instructions so detailed?

Obedience is a huge part of the Passover story. Obeying God was critical because their lives depended on it. The strict and specific instructions were used as a tool for the Israelites to show their faith and trust in God and his instruction.

1. Unleavened Bread: The Israelites would not have had time to make leavened bread. The unleavened bread of Passover is often referred to as “Bread of Affliction” to signify the hardship of slavery and the hasty transition to freedom.
2. Karpas: This is a green leafy vegetable that symbolizes the initial flourishing of the Israelites in Egypt. Parsley, celery and boiled spring potatoes are often used to represent the karpas.
3. Maror: Typically romaine lettuce or horseradish, this symbolizes the bitterness of slavery.
4. Charoset: This is a paste-like mixture of fruit, nuts, honey and sweet wine that symbolizes the mortar used by the Israelites when laying bricks for Pharaoh’s monuments.
5. Shank Bone: Traditionally a roasted lamb bone, this piece is never eaten. Originally it represented a blood sacrifice that at that time would have been made in the Holy Temple. Now it is a visual reminder of what happened right before the Exodus.
6. Egg: The egg again signifies a sacrifice that would have been offered in the Holy Temple, and now symbolizes new beginnings and rebirth. The egg, also, is not eaten during the ritual, but some families serve hardboiled eggs as appetizers to remind them that, even while you embark on new journeys you must remember the hardships that brought them there.
7. Chazeret: This is very much like maror, and is usually lettuce or root vegetables. It also signifies the bitterness of slavery.

Sandwiches called “korech” are made from the unleavened bread, maror and charoset which embodies the bitterness of the Israelites over their hard labor, and the spiritual affliction they suffered while enslaved.

The foods eaten as The Passover Seder are tangible reminders of the hardships of slavery and the exaltation of the Israelites in Exodus.

The Exodus

‘The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Sukkoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. Many other people went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves. ‘

Exodus 12:37-39

The Israelites plundered the Egyptians of their gold, silver, and clothing. They were rushed out with the herds, families, and unleavened breads. Pharaoh finally told them to leave after 430 years in Egypt.

Passover Restrictions

• Only those in God’s family can partake.
• It must be eaten inside the house, and the meat must never leave the house.
• Do not break the bones.
• If a foreigner wants to participate, he must have all the males of his household circumcised. All males of all households must be circumcised in order to eat the Passover Fest.

The restrictions are set because God wanted to fix this event into the history, culture, religion, and daily mindset of His people for all generations.

Exodus 13

Consecration of the Firstborn

‘“Consecrate to me every firstborn male. The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites belongs to me, whether human or animal.” ‘

Exodus 13:2

God had saved the Israelite’s firstborns during the Passover, and He asks them to dedicate each firstborn to Him as a way to show their appreciation and devotion to Him for saving them.

The Feast of Unleavened Bread

‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the Lord . Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days; no leavened bread shall be seen with you, and no leaven shall be seen with you in all your territory. You shall tell your son on that day, ‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ And it shall be to you as a sign on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a strong hand the Lord has brought you out of Egypt. You shall therefore keep this statute at its appointed time from year to year. ‘

Exodus 13:6-10

This “sign on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes” is a figure of speech, like we would say “the words is on the tip of my tongue”. This figure of speech meant that the Passover would symbolize the mighty power of God on behalf of His people.

Why did God always call for a sacrifice?

Since impurity is unacceptable in the presence of God, death occurs when anything impure comes into the presence of God. God would request that the animals be sacrificed in place of themselves. Jesus ultimately fulfilled this sacrificial system when He died on the cross. He was the ultimate sacrifice, making us pure in the sight of God.

Exodus 5-9: The Great Plagues

by Water On Thirsty Land | Feb 11, 2019 | Bible Studies, Deep Bible Studies, Deep Study Series, Exodus Series

Exodus 5-9 covers the beginning of the great plagues of Egypt. Moses and Aaron have been appointed by God, and they have been pleading with Pharaoh to release the Israelites and give them their freedom. Exodus 5-9 is a grim record of the beginning of disaster, death, and heartbreak for the Egyptians due to Pharoah’s hard heart.

Exodus 5

‘Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “This is what the Lord , the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go, so that they may hold a festival to me in the wilderness.’ ” Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord , that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.” ‘

Exodus 5:1-2

Pharaoh immediately rejects God. He tells Moses and Aaron to go work and denies them the right to go worship. Moses and Aaron are giving Pharaoh a chance to do the right thing before God forces Pharaoh to release His people.

In that time it was actually not uncommon for Hebrews to leave on pilgrimage to worship. The fact that Pharaoh will not let them go shows he had no intention of easing the Israelites and that he has no regard for God.

Pharaoh gives the Israelites more work and makes life much more difficult for them because Moses requested to let them go worship.

‘Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Why, Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people? Is this why you sent me? Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued your people at all.”’

Exodus 5:22-23

One of the most important lessons throughout scripture is that we will suffer. We suffer so that we will come closer to God.

Exodus 6

‘God also said to Moses, “I am the Lord . ‘

Exodus 6:2

‘“Therefore, say to the Israelites: ‘I am the Lord , and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. I will free you from being slaves to them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment. I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. And I will bring you to the land I swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the Lord .’ ” ‘

Exodus 6:6-8

Moses is not immediately obedient to God and keeps complaining and giving excuses when God tells him to do things for Him. Moses brings another problem to God, and God again responds telling Moses about Himself. God is reminding Moses that He is God, He will keep His promises, and that He is all powerful.

‘It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “Bring the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions.” They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt about bringing the Israelites out of Egypt—this same Moses and Aaron. ‘

Exodus 6:26-27

Moses and Aaron were not well received by either the Egyptians or the Israelites, no one listened to or believed them, and they really didn’t even believe in themselves, but God chose to use them of all people to completely alter history and save the Israelites from enslavement.

Exodus 7

‘You are to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his country. ‘

Exodus 7:2

God was more concerned with obedience than skill. He provided them with the skills they needed, God just needed Moses and Aaron to obey Him. He prepared Aaron and Moses for many years and now expected them to do as they were bid.

‘“When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.” ‘

Exodus 7:9

Aaron did as God instructed, turned his staff into a snake, and Pharaoh summoned his “magicians” and they mimicked the miracles with their “secret arts”, but then Aaron’s snake staff ate the magician’s staves. Pharaoh still would not listen.

The First Plague

‘This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord : With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood. The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink; the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’ ” ‘

Exodus 7:17-18

Moses and Aaron turn the Nile into blood as the Pharaoh is bathing, which kills all the fish and makes the river stink and makes the water undrinkable. Moses turns all the water in Egypt to blood. When they did this, the magicians mimicked this and made some water red and the Pharaoh hardened his heart even more.

Exodus 8

The Second Plague

‘The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’ ” ‘

Exodus 8:3-4

The Pharaoh’s magicians again mimicked the frog plague with demonic “arts”, but the Pharaoh told Moses and Aaron to pray to “their God” to get rid of the frogs. In the Egyptian culture, their “gods” were not expected to fix or undo what another god had done. So Pharaoh telling them to pray to God was simply because he knew that his “gods” could not do it themselves.

‘Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord .” Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.” ‘

Exodus 8:8-9

Moses and Aaron asked God to get rid of the frogs, and God did as they asked and all of the frogs died. When Pharaoh saw this, he hardened his heart again.

The Plague of Gnats

‘Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” ‘

Exodus 8:16

Just as God created man from dust, He created gnats from the dust. This was the first plague to force the magicians to acknowledge God. The demonic tricks the magicians had been using could not duplicate God bringing life from the dust.

Even though the magicians told Pharaoh it had to be by the hand of God, Pharaoh still hardened his heart more and refused to listen.

The Plague of Flies

‘If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them. “ ‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen, where my people live; no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know that I, the Lord , am in this land. I will make a distinction between my people and your people. This sign will occur tomorrow.’

Exodus 8:21-23

In the Egyptian culture it was normal for an entire society to be held accountable for one person’s sins. The whole of Egypt being punished for Pharaoh’s hard heart would have been expected. Also, as we learned in Job, often innocent people will suffer because of someone else’s sins. The consequences do not always fall directly or only on the sinner.

Pharaoh demanded that Moses and Aaron go pray for God to get rid of the flies. They did, and God listened, but again Pharaoh hardened his heart all the more and refused to let them go worship as he said they could.

Exodus 9

The Plague on Livestock

‘the hand of the Lord will bring a terrible plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’ ” ‘

Exodus 9:3-4

This plague was to show the Egyptians that only God was in control of their entire lives, wealth, well-being, and all that they had. Pharaoh still hardened his heart and would not release the Israelites.

The Plague of Boils

‘So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. ‘

Exodus 9:10

It is said that the soot here was representative of the soot that covered Israelite laborers. Pharaoh again refused to let them go. The soot now inflicted disease on the Egyptians.

The Plague of Hail

‘Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord , the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me, or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like me in all the earth. For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. ‘

Exodus 9:13-16

God is giving Moses, Aaron, and Pharaoh a very important warning about the next plague. Some Egyptians feared the Lord and brought in their slaves and livestock to protect them, but Pharaoh did not and many slaves and livestock, and anyone else who was outside was killed by the hail storm. The fields were destroyed, and all their crops.

Pharaoh then admits he has sinned and that he was wrong, and most importantly that the Lord is in the right – but when Moses and Aaron prayed and God halted the storm, Pharaoh again hardened his heart and refused to release the Israelites.

Exodus 1-4: Moses & Aaron

by Water On Thirsty Land | Feb 11, 2019 | Bible Studies, Deep Bible Studies, Deep Study Series, Exodus Series