Exodus 31 teaches us about the history of the Sabbath Day. While we don’t necessarily hold to the Sabbath the same ways the Israelites did, there is so much we should learn from the way God instructed them and the reasons behind it all. Let’s explore what the Sabbath is, why it is important even now, and how we can make more space for God in our lives.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘“For the generations to come this burnt offering is to be made regularly at the entrance to the tent of meeting, before the Lord . There I will meet you and speak to you; ‘
In order for the Israelites to further concrete themselves in their new culture, God would “show Himself” by appointment only. He specified times for them to come and meet with Him. This helped them to form a habit of coming to Him.
The Sabbath
‘“Say to the Israelites, ‘You must observe my Sabbaths. This will be a sign between me and you for the generations to come, so you may know that I am the Lord , who makes you holy. ‘
The Sabbath is a day of rest to remind God’s people that they have a unique relationship with God. It is a consistent reminder that they are God’s holy people.
Should we still recognize the Sabbath?
The Sabbath is a day set apart for us to acknowledge that God is in control. It is a day for us to rest, recover, and focus on what is most important. It is a day of reflection and refreshment.
‘“Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. ‘
God is not offended by us doing small things on the Sabbath Day.The point is to rest and to focus on the Lord, on good, but still remember that God is the one in control. This is a day to put the normal day-to-day aside and trust God to take control. Setting aside a day per week for rest and worship helps us to set the healthy routine God establishes for us, and allows us to enter a new week refreshed and focused.
Exodus 24-30 covers the Tabernacle. There is so much here that is vital for us to learn and understand, and so much foreshadowing of what was to come when Jesus came to dwell among men. The Tabernacle is certainly not irrelevant – dive in and explore how this still holds much importance for us even today.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
Eventually people access God through Jesus, but in OT times they would reach God through the Tabernacle.
‘“Then have them make a sanctuary for me, and I will dwell among them. ‘ Exodus 25:8
God designated the exact specifications for the entire tabernacle as a kind of test of faith and obedience. This manufacturing was done to show their obedience, to instill further obedience in the people, and was given exact ritual practices that would get them into the habit of trusting, honoring, worshiping and obeying God who had saved them. It was a way to aid them in getting used to the new culture God had laid out for them. He wanted His people to have a way to access Him so that they would grow in their faith and obedience to Him.
“Throughout these details we find spiritual parallels to Christ and the church. The tabernacle (literally, dwelling place) points to Jesus the Messiah, who made his dwelling (literally, tabernacled) among us (Jn 1:14, Jn 2:20-21), tore the curtain of the old covenant in two (Mt 27:51), and enabled us to enter the Most Holy Place by His sacrifice (Heb 10:19-22). We can also learn principles about salvation and the church from the pattern of the tabernacle’s construction (Eph 2:21; 1Pe 2:5).”
God laid out an extremely specific design for the Tabernacle. Each piece had specific reasons for its design.
Ark of the Covenant
The ark was the most sacred piece of the tabernacle. The ark held copies of the ten commandments and the Book of the Covenant (which is Exodus 20-23), which explained the specifications for covenant requirements. It was designed to preserve its contents and protect it from human hands.
Bronze Laver
The priests would cleanse themselves using the Bronze Laver, as they must be clean and pure to enter into the presence of God.
Altar of Burnt Offering
Animal sacrifices were made here. The blood of the animal was sprinkled on the four horns of the altar. The blood on the altar was symbolic of God accepting the sacrifice and forgiving the people, cleansing them of their sins.
Gold Lampstand or Menorah
This was set in the Holy Place, across from the table of showbread. It had places for lamps which were little gold bowls with wicks sticking out. The other ends of the wicks were sitting in a bowl of oil. The light from the lamp signified the presence of God.
Table of Showbread
This was always in the presence of God. It had 12 loaves of bread on it, which represented the 12 tribes of Israel.
Altar of Incense
This was a smaller altar than the Alter of Burnt Offering. The incense would fill the tabernacle with sweet smells. The smells would have helped mask the nasty smells of dead animal and blood, and the smoke would have helped to mask the holy objects further showing that they were holy and set apart for God.
Priestly Garments
‘Make sacred garments for your brother Aaron to give him dignity and honor. ‘ Exodus 28:2
Aaron and his sons were the first priests of the Lord. They were instructed to wear very specific garments which were to give them dignity and honor.
The Breastplate of the High Priest
‘“Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place, he will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of decision as a continuing memorial before the Lord . ‘
I love this section because we see a lot of these stones in ESO…and, well, we are gamers after all! The breastplate of the high priest had 12 specific precious gems embedded into it; Carnelian, topaz, garnet, emerald, sapphire, diamond, agate, amethyst, beryl, onyx, and jasper. Each stone had the name of one of the 12 tribes engraved on it. Each stone was precious and signified the value that God placed on His people.
‘“Make linen undergarments as a covering for the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh. ‘
The priests were told to wear very specific attire, which included linen undergarments so that they were covered and not “spiritually naked” in the presence of the Lord. This was to break them away and set them apart from pagan rituals, which often involved nakedness.
Consecration of the Priests
‘Take the anointing oil and anoint him by pouring it on his head. ‘
This was to symbolize the priests being set apart to serve God for a special purpose.
Why the specific instructions for the animal parts?
‘Then take all the fat on the internal organs, the long lobe of the liver, and both kidneys with the fat on them, and burn them on the altar. But burn the bull’s flesh and its hide and its intestines outside the camp. It is a sin offering. ‘
Some animal parts were considered more desirable and the best parts of the animal were given to God. Other parts were symbolic of sin and were burned, and others were used in pagan rituals and were also burned to ensure that the Israelites would not be tempted to engage in pagan rituals.
What’s with all the blood?
‘And take some blood from the altar and some of the anointing oil and sprinkle it on Aaron and his garments and on his sons and their garments. Then he and his sons and their garments will be consecrated. ‘
Sin cannot be ignored by a holy God and the consequence of sin is death. The blood was to clearly demonstrate the life-for-life substitution. Pouring out the animal’s blood was to show the pouring out of life to cover the sins of the people. This was a sign of forgiveness and renewed life to the sinner.
God required such a massive price for our sins because He did not want His people to ignore the seriousness of sin. The act of killing an animal, the smells, sounds, and sight of it would be very sobering to and remind them of the price for their sins.
Reviewing the Annual Feasts in Exodus 23 helps us to better understand the journey and struggles the Israelites endured after being delivered from slavery. Life was challenging to say the least, and they had to learn a whole new way of life – not unlike us when we choose to accept Christ as our Savior. While we don’t hold these feasts as the Israelites did, learning this part of history has much to teach us about our lives today as well as better understanding where we came from.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘“Three times a year you are to celebrate a festival to me. “Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread; for seven days eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you. Do this at the appointed time in the month of Aviv, for in that month you came out of Egypt. “No one is to appear before me empty-handed. “Celebrate the Festival of Harvest with the firstfruits of the crops you sow in your field. “Celebrate the Festival of Ingathering at the end of the year, when you gather in your crops from the field. ‘
He is giving them a point-blank warning. God warned against the temptations and “snare” they would face while among those of a different faith. This also is a good point to be reminded to love your neighbor, and to live in love, kindness, and patience.
Does this mean God wants us to live separated from non-Christians?
No. This was an instruction relevant to the Israelites in their situation at the time. It is important to recognize that we today are instructed to “be in the world without being of the world.” We should be careful and not become unequally yoked with non-believers, but we should absolutely be an example and plant seeds in the lives and hearts of non-believers around us.
‘They are not of the world, even as I am not of it. Sanctify them by the truth; your word is truth. As you sent me into the world, I have sent them into the world. ‘
During this time of the Israelites they were still bombarded by the pagan cultures and needed to be isolated so that they could take on the new life, culture, and way of thinking and worshiping that God was revealing to them.
After reviewing various laws about social responsibility and property, God also instructed his people in Exodus 23 about helping others and providing hospitality. There is a lot we can learn today from Exodus 23, even though times and culture have changed and evolved.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘“For six years you are to sow your fields and harvest the crops, but during the seventh year let the land lie unplowed and unused. Then the poor among your people may get food from it, and the wild animals may eat what is left. Do the same with your vineyard and your olive grove. ‘
How do we balance helping the poor and taking care of our families?
I am a firm believer in helping the poor, the homeless, the needy. I have spent almost my entire life being in that demographic. When I was a teenager I would sneak off to the large city nearby and talk to, feed, and make friends with the homeless there every weekend. I would bring sandwiches and fruit, water bottles, and small snacks.
I was young, living in the tiny dining room of my grandparent’s home, without a bed big enough to lay flat in. While we did not have much and I had next to nothing, I knew that I had enough to share with those who had even less than I did.
The way I see it is that God provides for us, and from what He gives to us we have enough to take a piece and give to those who have even less. I also believe that the “materially wealthy” have been given much so that they can help that balance; they have plenty to care for their family, and also to make a huge impact for those who do not have enough.
‘And God is able to bless you abundantly, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every good work. As it is written: “They have freely scattered their gifts to the poor; their righteousness endures forever.” ‘
A few years ago I made the decision to start tithing for the very first time. I set up automatic donations to my church in the tiny amount I felt God put on my heart. I was a single mother, juggling the weight of caring for my very young child on my own, working like a dog to support us, barely having enough food for myself (always putting enough food on the table for my child first), and struggling immensely to pay the bills. It was rough.
I knew, though, that when I decided to give my life to God fully that God had given me enough and that I also had enough to give back to Him. When we give back to God, He takes that and uses it to care for the poor, the needy, the less fortunate. He also blesses those who give.
‘But a poor widow came and put in two very small copper coins, worth only a few cents. Calling his disciples to him, Jesus said, “Truly I tell you, this poor widow has put more into the treasury than all the others. They all gave out of their wealth; but she, out of her poverty, put in everything—all she had to live on.”’
Ever since I trusted God wholeheartedly to provide for me while I continue to give from the small material wealth I have to give, God has blessed me immeasurably. He has provided me the ability to leave my job, stay home to care for my child, and continues to provide for me every day.
Every time I worry that the money will run out, or I won’t be able to afford the next “need” God reminds me what He has already done for me, what He has already delivered me from, and He never fails to provide everything that we need – while I continue to faithfully give back to God from what He provides.
No matter how little we have, there is always something we can give. If not money, time. If not time, items.
Here are some practical ways to help others:
Clean out the closet you have been piling junk into and donate those sweaters you haven’t worn in six years to a shelter.
Help organize a food drive or a backpack drive for kids who can’t afford school supplies.
Give warm jackets to foster families and the kids they have taken in.
Host a fundraiser for organizations that help fight sex trafficking, homelessness, mental illness, etc.
There is always something that you can give, and God blesses those who give to Him and to those in need with a generous heart. Tell us in the comments other ideas you have for helping others in practical ways.
How has God delivered you from the wilderness?
‘“See, I am sending an angel ahead of you to guard you along the way and to bring you to the place I have prepared. Pay attention to him and listen to what he says. Do not rebel against him; he will not forgive your rebellion, since my Name is in him. If you listen carefully to what he says and do all that I say, I will be an enemy to your enemies and will oppose those who oppose you. ‘
When I was younger, I ended up drifting very far from God – pushing myself away from Him for many years. I specifically disobeyed God. I did not understand God or really know Him, or know that I could know Him. I was lost, wandering in my own wilderness, looking everywhere but to Him. I sinned greatly and made myself a very rough path.
I complained to God and asked Him why I was suffering so much. I begged God to save me, to help me, to take me out of the misery – but I did not want to do what He asked me to do. Looking back, it seems like every time I heard God whisper to me “do this” I did the opposite and then wondered why the results were so tragic.
When I was 17, I finally started to understand that I needed to do something different. I knew I was filthy of sin, I was broken, and I could not do it on my own. I wanted so badly for God to make me clean. Unfortunately, I was more tempted by life, by lust, by sin than I chose to resist. I gave in again and found myself in another very wrong, painful, harmful situation.
I had asked God to cleanse me, and He did, and then I turned my back on His commands again and I know that what I received was God teaching me that His path is the only right path and that when I choose my own way it will never be right.
I remember the exact millisecond that I heard God breakthrough to me. I remember Him telling me loud and clear (in my heart, to be clear) “Trust me. End this suffering. Just trust me. We can do this.” I remember it. I remember standing my ground, having strength fill me in an instant that I know was not my own.
I remember every single thing that happened after that moment and recognize God’s hands in all of it. I remember when God ultimately delivered me from my wilderness, and ever since that moment I have worked diligently to run away from sin, to follow His commands, to go against the societal norms, and to be what He calls me to be no matter the cost.
I strive to trust Him no matter the risk. He delivered me from the darkness, from the loneliness, from being lost. He delivered me to Himself and I will never leave Him again.
‘But I will not drive them out in a single year, because the land would become desolate and the wild animals too numerous for you. Little by little I will drive them out before you, until you have increased enough to take possession of the land. ‘
God is with us as we wander our wilderness. Just like the Israelites, we will complain, we will choose not to listen all the time, we will try to make our own way – but when we fail He is right there with us still. He guides our path. It won’t be instant. It takes time to learn to trust and listen to Him. Thankfully, though, we have a very patient and merciful God.
So far, we have reviewed how the Israelites were delivered from slavery, the beginning of their journey, the 10 commandments, and now in Exodus 22, we begin to explore additional laws God gave the Israelites about property and social responsibilities.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
Exodus 22 has many laws about how to handle different situations in their time. God gave very specific laws so that it was easier for His people to develop and maintain a just and stable society. These laws helped them to resolve conflict while still keeping the community unified.
It is important to remember that this was a new community growing into its own. God was laying the foundation for them to start fresh and build a holy community, and the laws set would have been relevant to situations they faced back then.
There is one in particular that really sticks out to me as a confusing law.
‘“If a thief is caught breaking in at night and is struck a fatal blow, the defender is not guilty of bloodshed; but if it happens after sunrise, the defender is guilty of bloodshed… ‘
What this means is that if someone gets robbed in the middle of the night, killing the thief is considered self defense. If it happens during the day, it is considered murder. The justification of this is that if a thief is armed and dangerous, it is self-defense if you kill him – but in the dark you cannot tell if he is armed and dangerous. Killing an unarmed thief in the daylight is just plain murder.
Social Responsibility
At this time, arranged marriages were the norm. Fathers would arrange specific marriages for their daughters especially. The husband-to-be would pay a “bride price”, or dowry, to the girl’s father to take her as his wife.
‘“If a man seduces a virgin who is not pledged to be married and sleeps with her, he must pay the bride-price, and she shall be his wife. If her father absolutely refuses to give her to him, he must still pay the bride-price for virgins. ‘
If a man slept with an unwed virgin daughter, the girl was considered “damaged goods” because she is no longer a virgin. It would be like stealing from the father because he would now be unable to get the “full bride price” for his daughter. To make up for this “theft” the man who defiled her would have to pay the full bride price to her father.
If the father determined that the man would be able to take good care of his daughter, the man and daughter would marry. If the father determined that the man would not be able to take good care of his daughter he would take payment and keep his daughter. In these cases, it would likely be more difficult to find a good husband for her, even at a lower price, which would cause further hardship for the daughter and her family.
‘“Whoever sacrifices to any god other than the Lord must be destroyed. “Do not mistreat or oppress a foreigner, for you were foreigners in Egypt. ‘
God called on His people to treat the foreigners in their community with common decency, but He also called for the destruction of those who worshiped idols in the promised land.
‘and when the Lord your God has delivered them over to you and you have defeated them, then you must destroy them totally. Make no treaty with them, and show them no mercy. Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, for they will turn your children away from following me to serve other gods, and the Lord ’s anger will burn against you and will quickly destroy you. ‘
We are to love our neighbors and in loving them we are called to bring everyone to God. Foreigners in the promised land were expected to live by God’s rule. If they did not, then the Israelites were commanded to destroy them for their false idols.
‘When you go to war against your enemies and see horses and chariots and an army greater than yours, do not be afraid of them, because the Lord your God, who brought you up out of Egypt, will be with you. ‘
In Exodus 19-21 we see the 10 Commandments for the first time. These are detrimental to the people of Israel, and although we receive updates to the commandments later from Jesus, there is much to be learned from the original commandments. In order to understand the commands Jesus gives us we must also learn the history that led up to that point. That is where Exodus 19-21 comes in.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘You yourselves have seen what I did to Egypt, and how I carried you on eagles’ wings and brought you to myself. Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.”
The first thing that comes to my mind is…this sounds like what God seems to remind me of every day; “You have seen over and over again what I can do. Obey my commands and you will be blessed.”
God wants our obedience. He wants us, no matter where we are, where we have come from, what He has pulled us out of, no matter what, to obey Him so He can bless us and call us His own. He proves to us time and again what He is capable of and what He will do for us when we listen and obey, but our human nature is inherently sinful and this proves much harder for us than He intended it to be when He created us before sin was brought into the world. This is why it is called faith. Have faith that it is worth it to obey Him. Have faith that our God is good and He will provide and care for us.
God knows that it is hard for them to do what God commands and to trust Moses as well, so He again tests them telling them they cannot step even one foot onto the mountain in which He will show Himself or they will die. He wants His people to show Him that they will do what He tells them.
Exodus 20
The Ten Commandments
Exodus 20 provides for us the original 10 commandments given by God to the Israelites.
You shall have no other gods before me.
Show respect to God and refuse to prioritize anything or anyone else above Him.
You shall not make for yourself a carved image.
Life your life in whole-hearted devotion to God.
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.
Guard your speech to speak respectfully of God. Never use His name for your own agenda.
Remember the Sabbath Day, to keep it holy.
Allow time for meditation with proper rest and relaxation.
Honor your father and mother.
Treat your parents with respect.
You shall not murder.
Recognize God’s control over life and death.
You shall not commit adultery.
Honor the vow of faithfulness to both God and spouse.
You shall not steal.
Guard against taking what is not yours.
You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.
Respond to others with integrity and respect.
You shall not covet.
Be satisfied with your own possessions and resources.
Do all of these laws apply to Christians?
Many of the original commandments were updated by Jesus while He dwelt on the earth, but these commandments are all still relevant to Christians today. Exodus gives us the historical backdrop for the commands God gives us to live by. We should not brush off the 10 commandments and think they are outdated or unimportant. History still holds value, and this is no exception.
So while the commands were updated later by Jesus, and they are not the societal law or even the norm, learning these commandments and their history allows us to learn more about God and grow closer in relationship with Him. We get to learn more about what it means to be set apart for Him and how He calls us to live.
How can I apply this in my life?
Put God before all things and make time for God every day. Show respect to others and to God while you play. Don’t curse God or threaten others. Be satisfied with what you have, work hard to gain what you do not have, and do not be selfish or expect anything from others. Also, remember to keep time for rest, relaxation, and godly meditation. Take time to be and grow with God, and to let yourself rest.
‘And do not go up to my altar on steps, or your private parts may be exposed.’’
Cultural fun fact: In that time, pagan religions had steps leading up to their altars. By God banning the use of steps, the Israelites would be less likely and less tempted to include pagan rituals in their worship. As far as the private parts being exposed, this may be in relation to the shrine prostitutes that would be at the pagan altars. This could be a kind of mocking of the pagan rituals, kind of like saying “if you want to act pagan, I will shame you like a pagan.”
Exodus 21
Law Concerning Servants
‘“If you buy a Hebrew servant, he is to serve you for six years. But in the seventh year, he shall go free, without paying anything. ‘
In this time, servants were poverty-stricken people who would sell themselves into service to pay off debts, and to secure food and shelter for themselves and their families. It was not slavery. This was a way that the wealthy would help the poor. This was much like an employee-employer relationship.
‘“If a man sells his daughter as a servant, she is not to go free as male servants do. ‘
The selling of women was with the intention of the daughter marrying into the family. If the father of the household married the daughter to his son, he was called to care for and protect her as his daughter.
Law Concerning Violence
‘“If people are fighting and hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman’s husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise. ‘
This particular verse is often used by many who are opposed to abortion. I will make it clear that I will not be discussing abortion here, but I thought it was a great note to point out that this statement is actually describing unintentional harm to the pregnant woman and her child.
God’s laws about violence are to hold yourselves and each other accountable. They are to discourage violence against one another, and to be held accountable for your herds and animals if they should grow violent.
Something that is important to understand is that later on Jesus’ law of love exceeds the expectations of these basic rules for when Christians are mistreated.Jesus exceeded the expectation of “eye for an eye”. He died in our place. He died so that we may live and be made holy and forgiven in the sight of God.
Exodus 14-18 is where we get to see the beginning of the Israelite’s freedom, their incredible deliverance by God from slavery, and their reaction to the blessings being given them. Exodus 14-18 is a pivotal part of the history of mankind as well as of God’s people.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
Pharaoh very quickly regretted letting the Israelites go one God had delivered them out of slavery. He chased after them and God gave Moses the power to part the Red Sea, bring the Israelites through the trenches, Egyptian soldiers following close behind, and delivered them to the other side while ultimately destroying the Egyptians that had chased after them.
‘And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and he will pursue them, and I will get glory over Pharaoh and all his host, and the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord .” And they did so. ‘
God wanted everyone, Israelites and Egyptians, believers and non-believers, to know that He is Lord Almighty and He is all powerful. He wanted them to know that He is greater than the Egyptians many false gods.
One very interesting thing is that Egyptian history does not document any of these events. The Egyptians were a very proud people and it was actually not uncommon for a Pharaoh to not report on their failures and defeats. It was also pretty common for them to change official records and stories so that the official records were more in their favor.
Exodus 15
The Song of Moses and Miriam
‘ Your right hand, O Lord , glorious in power, your right hand, O Lord , shatters the enemy.’
It was actually not until after the Exodus that Israelites started to really understand that there is only one God.
Why are songs included in the Bible?
Music has a central role in worship. Throughout scripture, God requests songs be sung for Him. This song during the Exodus was likely a joyful outburst of praise and worship as the Israelites had just been saved and set free.
Who was Miriam?
She was a priestess, sent with her brothers, Aaron and Moses, to lead Israel. God used her and spoke through her, which gave her a sort of authority. She is who led the worship after the Exodus.
Exodus 16
Bread from Heaven
Once the Israelites were delivered from slavery, God led them out into the wilderness. While in the wilderness the Israelites began to again test God. Even after all God had done for them they still did not trust in Him. They groaned and complained, and because they continued to test God, God tested them. Moses reminded the Israelites that their grumblings against them (Moses and Aaron) were actually grumblings against God since Moses and Aaron were leading them in God’s will.
‘And Moses said, “When the Lord gives you in the evening meat to eat and in the morning bread to the full, because the Lord has heard your grumbling that you grumble against him—what are we? Your grumbling is not against us but against the Lord .” ‘
God told the Israelites that each day they can only gather enough food for that day, and no more. This was a test to see if they would listen. When someone would keep leftovers, in the morning is was rotten. On the sixth day, they were told to gather 2 days’ worth and save the second portion for the next day, which was the first observance of the Sabbath; a holy day of rest and no work. God wanted them to rest and not have any work on the seventh day.
‘See! The Lord has given you the Sabbath; therefore on the sixth day he gives you bread for two days. Remain each of you in his place; let no one go out of his place on the seventh day.” ‘
‘Now the house of Israel called its name manna. It was like coriander seed, white, and the taste of it was like wafers made with honey. Moses said, “This is what the Lord has commanded: ‘Let an omer of it be kept throughout your generations, so that they may see the bread with which I fed you in the wilderness, when I brought you out of the land of Egypt.'” And Moses said to Aaron, “Take a jar, and put an omer of manna in it, and place it before the Lord to be kept throughout your generations.” As the Lord commanded Moses, so Aaron placed it before the testimony to be kept. The people of Israel ate the manna forty years, till they came to a habitable land. They ate the manna till they came to the border of the land of Canaan. ‘
God provided them with manna to eat every day for 40 years while they wandered the wilderness. Then, when they came to the promised land of Canaan He told them to keep a small amount of manna that He would preserve through generations so that future generations could see what God had fed them in the wilderness.
Exodus 17
Water from the Rock
God’s people continue to put Him to the test, complaining to Moses about what they do not have. So God, again testing them in return tells Moses to go with the elders of Israel to the rock at Horeb and strike it with his staff and He will make water flow from it.
The Amalekites Defeated
The Amalekites were descendants of Esau who made a living raiding other tribes and killing for their pleasure. They came to attack the Israelites, and God had Joshua take some men to fight the Amalekites. While they fought, Moses went up on the mountain with his staff. Whenever Moses had his hands raised with his staff, the Israelites would prevail. When he would rest his hands, Amalek prevailed. When Moses grew too weary to keep his hands up, Hur (Miriam’s husband) and Aaron sat him on a rock and held his hands up to steady them until Joshua overwhelmed Amalek.
‘And Moses built an altar and called the name of it, The Lord Is My Banner, saying, “A hand upon the throne of the Lord ! The Lord will have war with Amalek from generation to generation.” ‘
Jethro, Moses’s father-in-law, heard of everything that had happened to Moses and the Israelites, and came to Moses with Moses’ wife and children to provide a burnt offering to God. Moses did as his father-in-law had recommended, and Jethro went back home.
‘Now obey my voice; I will give you advice, and God be with you! You shall represent the people before God and bring their cases to God, and you shall warn them about the statutes and the laws, and make them know the way in which they must walk and what they must do. Moreover, look for able men from all the people, men who fear God, who are trustworthy and hate a bribe, and place such men over the people as chiefs of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties, and of tens. And let them judge the people at all times. Every great matter they shall bring to you, but any small matter they shall decide themselves. So it will be easier for you, and they will bear the burden with you. If you do this, God will direct you, you will be able to endure, and all this people also will go to their place in peace.” ‘
Exodus 10-13 covers the last few great plagues of Egypt, as well as the miraculous Passover to spare God’s faithful people. Why are the events of Exodus 10-13 so important? Why should this history hold such significance in our lives even today? Find out as we explore these chapters together.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘They covered the face of the whole land, so that the land was darkened, and they ate all the plants in the land and all the fruit of the trees that the hail had left. Not a green thing remained, neither tree nor plant of the field, through all the land of Egypt. ‘
Pharaoh agreed to let Moses and Aaron go worship by themselves, but would not let their families or herds come with them. He continued to refuse to let the Israelites go, and his heart is again hardened.
The Plague of Darkness
‘So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was pitch darkness in all the land of Egypt three days. They did not see one another, nor did anyone rise from his place for three days, but all the people of Israel had light where they lived. ‘
Pharaoh agreed to let them take their families, but now refuses to let him take the herds with them.
Exodus 11
The Final Plague Threatened
God tells Moses that after this last plague, Pharaoh will not just let them leave, but drive them out completely. He gives the Israelites favor with the Egyptians and they are given much gold and silver in anticipation of being run out of the land.
‘and every firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the slave girl who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the cattle. ‘
Moses warned Pharaoh of the coming plague but still hardened his heart and would not let them go.
Exodus 12
The Passover
For the Passover, the Israel households marked their door frames with lamb’s blood so that when the tenth plague comes their households will be passed over and their firstborns will be saved. The plague comes, and all of the Egyptian’s firstborn sons are killed. The Egyptian’s then convince Pharaoh to let the Israelites go, but when they have started to leave he changes his mind and chases after them to bring them back as his slaves.
‘then tell them, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord , who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’ ” Then the people bowed down and worshiped. ‘
Why are the Passover Feast instructions so detailed?
Obedience is a huge part of the Passover story. Obeying God was critical because their lives depended on it. The strict and specific instructions were used as a tool for the Israelites to show their faith and trust in God and his instruction.
Unleavened Bread: The Israelites would not have had time to make leavened bread. The unleavened bread of Passover is often referred to as “Bread of Affliction” to signify the hardship of slavery and the hasty transition to freedom.
Karpas: This is a green leafy vegetable that symbolizes the initial flourishing of the Israelites in Egypt. Parsley, celery and boiled spring potatoes are often used to represent the karpas.
Maror: Typically romaine lettuce or horseradish, this symbolizes the bitterness of slavery.
Charoset: This is a paste-like mixture of fruit, nuts, honey and sweet wine that symbolizes the mortar used by the Israelites when laying bricks for Pharaoh’s monuments.
Shank Bone: Traditionally a roasted lamb bone, this piece is never eaten. Originally it represented a blood sacrifice that at that time would have been made in the Holy Temple. Now it is a visual reminder of what happened right before the Exodus.
Egg: The egg again signifies a sacrifice that would have been offered in the Holy Temple, and now symbolizes new beginnings and rebirth. The egg, also, is not eaten during the ritual, but some families serve hardboiled eggs as appetizers to remind them that, even while you embark on new journeys you must remember the hardships that brought them there.
Chazeret: This is very much like maror, and is usually lettuce or root vegetables. It also signifies the bitterness of slavery.
Sandwiches called “korech” are made from the unleavened bread, maror and charoset which embodies the bitterness of the Israelites over their hard labor, and the spiritual affliction they suffered while enslaved.
The foods eaten as The Passover Seder are tangible reminders of the hardships of slavery and the exaltation of the Israelites in Exodus.
The Exodus
‘The Israelites journeyed from Rameses to Sukkoth. There were about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides women and children. Many other people went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves. ‘
The Israelites plundered the Egyptians of their gold, silver, and clothing. They were rushed out with the herds, families, and unleavened breads. Pharaoh finally told them to leave after 430 years in Egypt.
Passover Restrictions
Only those in God’s family can partake.
It must be eaten inside the house, and the meat must never leave the house.
Do not break the bones.
If a foreigner wants to participate, he must have all the males of his household circumcised. All males of all households must be circumcised in order to eat the Passover Fest.
The restrictions are set because God wanted to fix this event into the history, culture, religion, and daily mindset of His people for all generations.
Exodus 13
Consecration of the Firstborn
‘“Consecrate to me every firstborn male. The first offspring of every womb among the Israelites belongs to me, whether human or animal.” ‘
God had saved the Israelite’s firstborns during the Passover, and He asks them to dedicate each firstborn to Him as a way to show their appreciation and devotion to Him for saving them.
The Feast of Unleavened Bread
‘Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the Lord . Unleavened bread shall be eaten for seven days; no leavened bread shall be seen with you, and no leaven shall be seen with you in all your territory. You shall tell your son on that day, ‘It is because of what the Lord did for me when I came out of Egypt.’ And it shall be to you as a sign on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes, that the law of the Lord may be in your mouth. For with a strong hand the Lord has brought you out of Egypt. You shall therefore keep this statute at its appointed time from year to year. ‘
This “sign on your hand and as a memorial between your eyes” is a figure of speech, like we would say “the words is on the tip of my tongue”. This figure of speech meant that the Passover would symbolize the mighty power of God on behalf of His people.
Why did God always call for a sacrifice?
Since impurity is unacceptable in the presence of God, death occurs when anything impure comes into the presence of God. God would request that the animals be sacrificed in place of themselves. Jesus ultimately fulfilled this sacrificial system when He died on the cross. He was the ultimate sacrifice, making us pure in the sight of God.
Exodus 5-9 covers the beginning of the great plagues of Egypt. Moses and Aaron have been appointed by God, and they have been pleading with Pharaoh to release the Israelites and give them their freedom. Exodus 5-9 is a grim record of the beginning of disaster, death, and heartbreak for the Egyptians due to Pharoah’s hard heart.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘Afterward Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said, “This is what the Lord , the God of Israel, says: ‘Let my people go, so that they may hold a festival to me in the wilderness.’ ” Pharaoh said, “Who is the Lord , that I should obey him and let Israel go? I do not know the Lord and I will not let Israel go.” ‘
Pharaoh immediately rejects God. He tells Moses and Aaron to go work and denies them the right to go worship. Moses and Aaron are giving Pharaoh a chance to do the right thing before God forces Pharaoh to release His people.
In that time it was actually not uncommon for Hebrews to leave on pilgrimage to worship. The fact that Pharaoh will not let them go shows he had no intention of easing the Israelites and that he has no regard for God.
Pharaoh gives the Israelites more work and makes life much more difficult for them because Moses requested to let them go worship.
‘Moses returned to the Lord and said, “Why, Lord, why have you brought trouble on this people? Is this why you sent me? Ever since I went to Pharaoh to speak in your name, he has brought trouble on this people, and you have not rescued your people at all.”’
‘“Therefore, say to the Israelites: ‘I am the Lord , and I will bring you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. I will free you from being slaves to them, and I will redeem you with an outstretched arm and with mighty acts of judgment. I will take you as my own people, and I will be your God. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God, who brought you out from under the yoke of the Egyptians. And I will bring you to the land I swore with uplifted hand to give to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. I will give it to you as a possession. I am the Lord .’ ” ‘
Moses is not immediately obedient to God and keeps complaining and giving excuses when God tells him to do things for Him. Moses brings another problem to God, and God again responds telling Moses about Himself. God is reminding Moses that He is God, He will keep His promises, and that He is all powerful.
‘It was this Aaron and Moses to whom the Lord said, “Bring the Israelites out of Egypt by their divisions.” They were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt about bringing the Israelites out of Egypt—this same Moses and Aaron. ‘
Moses and Aaron were not well received by either the Egyptians or the Israelites, no one listened to or believed them, and they really didn’t even believe in themselves, but God chose to use them of all people to completely alter history and save the Israelites from enslavement.
Exodus 7
‘You are to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his country. ‘
God was more concerned with obedience than skill. He provided them with the skills they needed, God just needed Moses and Aaron to obey Him. He prepared Aaron and Moses for many years and now expected them to do as they were bid.
‘“When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.” ‘
Aaron did as God instructed, turned his staff into a snake, and Pharaoh summoned his “magicians” and they mimicked the miracles with their “secret arts”, but then Aaron’s snake staff ate the magician’s staves. Pharaoh still would not listen.
The First Plague
‘This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord : With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood. The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink; the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’ ” ‘
Moses and Aaron turn the Nile into blood as the Pharaoh is bathing, which kills all the fish and makes the river stink and makes the water undrinkable. Moses turns all the water in Egypt to blood. When they did this, the magicians mimicked this and made some water red and the Pharaoh hardened his heart even more.
Exodus 8
The Second Plague
‘The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people, and into your ovens and kneading troughs. The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’ ” ‘
The Pharaoh’s magicians again mimicked the frog plague with demonic “arts”, but the Pharaoh told Moses and Aaron to pray to “their God” to get rid of the frogs. In the Egyptian culture, their “gods” were not expected to fix or undo what another god had done. So Pharaoh telling them to pray to God was simply because he knew that his “gods” could not do it themselves.
‘Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord .” Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.” ‘
Moses and Aaron asked God to get rid of the frogs, and God did as they asked and all of the frogs died. When Pharaoh saw this, he hardened his heart again.
The Plague of Gnats
‘Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” ‘
Just as God created man from dust, He created gnats from the dust. This was the first plague to force the magicians to acknowledge God. The demonic tricks the magicians had been using could not duplicate God bringing life from the dust.
Even though the magicians told Pharaoh it had to be by the hand of God, Pharaoh still hardened his heart more and refused to listen.
The Plague of Flies
‘If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them. “ ‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen, where my people live; no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know that I, the Lord , am in this land. I will make a distinction between my people and your people. This sign will occur tomorrow.’
In the Egyptian culture it was normal for an entire society to be held accountable for one person’s sins. The whole of Egypt being punished for Pharaoh’s hard heart would have been expected. Also, as we learned in Job, often innocent people will suffer because of someone else’s sins. The consequences do not always fall directly or only on the sinner.
Pharaoh demanded that Moses and Aaron go pray for God to get rid of the flies. They did, and God listened, but again Pharaoh hardened his heart all the more and refused to let them go worship as he said they could.
Exodus 9
The Plague on Livestock
‘the hand of the Lord will bring a terrible plague on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt, so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’ ” ‘
This plague was to show the Egyptians that only God was in control of their entire lives, wealth, well-being, and all that they had. Pharaoh still hardened his heart and would not release the Israelites.
The Plague of Boils
‘So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. ‘
It is said that the soot here was representative of the soot that covered Israelite laborers. Pharaoh again refused to let them go. The soot now inflicted disease on the Egyptians.
The Plague of Hail
‘Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord , the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship me, or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know that there is no one like me in all the earth. For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. But I have raised you up for this very purpose, that I might show you my power and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. ‘
God is giving Moses, Aaron, and Pharaoh a very important warning about the next plague. Some Egyptians feared the Lord and brought in their slaves and livestock to protect them, but Pharaoh did not and many slaves and livestock, and anyone else who was outside was killed by the hail storm. The fields were destroyed, and all their crops.
Pharaoh then admits he has sinned and that he was wrong, and most importantly that the Lord is in the right – but when Moses and Aaron prayed and God halted the storm, Pharaoh again hardened his heart and refused to release the Israelites.
Exodus begins after Joseph had died. The second book of the Pentateuch begins with Exodus 1-4 introducing us to Moses and Aaron, who would lead the Israelites out of slavery and into the wilderness in search of the Promised Land.
The book of Exodus is filled with important information about the history of God’s people and the world. It is not only important, but so many of the lessons we can learn are relevant to each one of us as children of God. Dive in as we explore Exodus chapter by chapter.
‘Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died, but the Israelites were exceedingly fruitful; they multiplied greatly, increased in numbers and became so numerous that the land was filled with them. Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt. “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become far too numerous for us. Come, we must deal shrewdly with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country.” So they put slave masters over them to oppress them with forced labor, and they built Pithom and Rameses as store cities for Pharaoh. But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites and worked them ruthlessly. They made their lives bitter with harsh labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly. ‘
When Joseph died his people were enslaved by a new Pharaoh, and the new Pharaoh feared the Hebrews would revolt against him with his enemies. Pharaoh told the Hebrew midwives to kill all baby boys born to the Hebrew women. To Pharaoh, killing the sons would have eliminated a military threat. The daughters could have been implemented into the Egyptian culture as servants and wives.
The midwives lied and told Pharaoh they were unable to kill the baby boys. They saved the Hebrew boys because they feared God and were blessed for their fear of Him.
Pharaoh then dictated that every baby boy born to the Israelites will be slaughtered.
Exodus 2
‘And the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself at the river; and her maidens walked along by the river’s side; and when she saw the ark among the flags, she sent her maid to fetch it. And when she had opened it, she saw the child: and, behold, the babe wept. And she had compassion on him, and said, This is one of the Hebrews’ children. Then said his sister to Pharaoh’s daughter, Shall I go and call to thee a nurse of the Hebrew women, that she may nurse the child for thee? And Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, Go. And the maid went and called the child’s mother. And Pharaoh’s daughter said unto her, Take this child away, and nurse it for me, and I will give thee thy wages. And the woman took the child, and nursed it. And the child grew, and she brought him unto Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. And she called his name Moses: and she said, Because I drew him out of the water. ‘ Exodus 2:5-10
A husband and wife from the tribe of Levi had a baby boy, Moses, and to save his life the mother put him in a basket at the river where the daughter of Pharaoh found him.
Daughter of Pharaoh told Moses’ sister, who was watching nearby, to find a wet nurse for the child. Moses’ sister got Moses’ mother, and Pharaoh’s daughter hired Moses’ mother to nurse Moses and raise him for her, then Pharaoh’s daughter took Moses as her own son.
In that culture, higher status women did not nurse their own children. They would hire wet nurses to breastfeed their infants for them. Part of this may be because breastfeeding has long been said to be a successful form of birth control. Royal families needed to produce as many heirs as possible, so they would not want the royal mothers to be on any form of birth control – they would want them to produce more children asap.
When Moses was about 40 years old, he witnessed an injustice of the Hebrews and killed an Egyptian to save a Hebrew. When Pharaoh found out he tried to kill Moses, so Moses ran away.
It is speculated that this Pharaoh, Thutmose III, hated Moses because he hated his adoptive mother, who may have been the daughter of Hatshepsut. Hatshepsut was the Pharaoh’s mother-in-law, and she dominated the first 20 years of Thutmose III’s reign after his father’s death.
Moses goes to Midian, who were the descendants of Abraham through his wife, Keturah. He saves some women from some cruel shepherds and the father of the women brings him to their home and marries him to his daughter, Zipporah.
Zipporah gives Moses a son. Moses names his son Gershom, which means “stranger” because he has been a stranger in foreign land; in Egypt and now in Midian.
‘And God heard their groaning, and God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. And God looked upon the children of Israel, and God had respect unto them.’
God remembered His covenant that He made with Abraham and his descendants that they would become a great nation and possess the land of Canaan. “He remembered” means that He acted upon this covenant.
Exodus 3
Moses went up to the Mountain of God (Mount Sinai) with his father-in-law’s flock. There, an angel of God appeared to Moses in a burning bush. When God saw Moses come to look at the bush and find out why the flames were not consuming the bush, God spoke to Moses.
‘And now the cry of the Israelites has reached me, and I have seen the way the Egyptians are oppressing them. So now, go. I am sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people the Israelites out of Egypt.” But Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh and bring the Israelites out of Egypt?” And God said, “I will be with you. And this will be the sign to you that it is I who have sent you: When you have brought the people out of Egypt, you will worship God on this mountain.” Moses said to God, “Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’ Then what shall I tell them?” God said to Moses, “ I am who I am . This is what you are to say to the Israelites: ‘ I am has sent me to you.’ ” ‘
Moses displays so many typical human reactions. Here we see his first complaint and asking why he is to go and do God’s work and save His people, and God responds with who HE is – God was sending Moses, and providing him with the wisdom and instructions he needed to accomplish God’s will.
We don’t always need to know how or why, we just need to obey and trust God.
God calls Himself “I AM”. Moses is not sure how or why the Israelites would listen to him telling them God spoke to him, especially when Moses’ identity was uncertain; he was born a Hebrew and raised an Egyptian, and Egyptians worship Pharaohs as gods. If Moses said “God spoke to me” it may be interpreted as if he were referring to Pharaoh. God gave Moses a different name for Himself to tell the Pharaoh and the Israelites about His instructions.
God tells Moses to go speak with the Elders of Israel and tell them that God has promised to save them. He wants Moses and the Elders to spend 3 days in the wilderness worshiping God and offering sacrifices.
God knows Pharaoh won’t let the Israelites go without a fight, so God says He will force Pharaoh to let His people go. Pharaoh and Moses both seem to understand that this will not merely be a 3 day journey to worship, but will actually be the beginning of the end of Pharaoh’s rule over the Israelites.
Exodus 4
‘Moses answered, “What if they do not believe me or listen to me and say, ‘The Lord did not appear to you’?” ‘
Moses does not think that anyone will listen to him, so God tells Moses to take his staff and God turned it into a serpent, then gave his hand a disease and then took it away again. This is to show God’s power over life itself, and of all things on the earth; animal and human lives, and inanimate objects.
Moses was still afraid, and God assures Him that He, who created people, created our mouths, our words, and the ability to speak or not speak, will be with Moses all the way and tell him what to say. Moses still resisted God’s instruction and God grew angry with him, but he had Moses’ brother, Aaron, go with him as well to help him.
‘The Lord said to Moses, “When you return to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders I have given you the power to do. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go. ‘
God wants to show that He is all powerful, He is in control, and He uses this as an opportunity to convince His people that He is worthy of worship and Pharaoh is not. If Pharaoh easily let the Israelites go, the people would likely just give credit to the Pharaoh and not come closer to God. God uses this time to prove that He has power over everything and bring His people close to Him.
‘At a lodging place on the way, the Lord met Moses and was about to kill him. But Zipporah took a flint knife, cut off her son’s foreskin and touched Moses’ feet with it. “Surely you are a bridegroom of blood to me,” she said. ‘
Moses had not had his son circumcised, which was a very important part of the covenant that God had made with Abraham’s descendants. In order to save Moses’ life, his wife Zipporah circumcised their son – but was very bitter about it.
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